Petroleum, also known as crude oil, is a naturally
occurring fossil fuel formed from the remains of
ancient marine organisms. It is a complex mixture of
hydrocarbons, primarily consisting of carbon and
hydrogen atoms, along with small amounts of nitro-
gen,oxygen,sulfur,and other elements. Petroleum is
found in underground reservoirs and extracted
through drilling wells-It is the primary source of
energy worldwide , used for various purposes includ-
ing transportation, heating, and electricity genera-
tion . Additionally ,petroleum serves as a raw material
for the production of numerous everyday products
such as plastics, lubricants, and fertilizers.
Its extraction, refining, and consumption have signifi-
cant environmental and geopolitical implications.
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